ALLIARIA PETIOLATA (M. Bieberstein) Cavara & Grande - Garlic Mustard. 2n = 42.

Shaded roadsides, waste places, fields, thin woods. From Eurasia, northern Africa. [A. OFFICINALIS Andrzejowski ex M. Bieberstein]

ALYSSUM ALYSSOIDES (Linnaeus) Linnaeus - Pale Madwort. 2n = 32.

Dry fields, roadsides, waste places. From Eurasia, northern Africa.

Arabidopsis lyrata (Linnaeus) O’Kane & Al-Shehbaz subsp. lyrata - Sand Cress. 2n = 16, 32.

Dry ledges (especially basic soil), gravels, sands. [Arabis lyrata Linnaeus]

ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA (Linnaeus) Heynhold - Mouse-ear Cress. 2n = 10.

Sandy roadsides, waste places, dry fields. From Eurasia.

Arabis alpina Linnaeus - Alpine Rock-cress. 2n = 16.

Calcareous rocks, alpine meadows.

ARABIS CAUCASICA Willdenow - Garden Rock-cress. 2n = 16.

Waste places. From southwestern Asia.

Arabis pycnocarpa M. Hopkins var. pycnocarpa - Hairy Rock-cress. 2n = 32.

Dry, calcareous ledges. [A. hirsuta (Linnaeus) Scopoli var. pycnocarpa (M. Hopkins) Rollins]

ARMORACIA RUSTICANA P. Gaertner, B. Meyer & Scherbius - Horseradish. 2n = 32.

Moist soil of waste places, roadsides, fields. From Eurasia. [A. LAPATHIFOLIA Gilibert]

AURINIA SAXATALIS (Linnaeus) Desvaux - Basket-of-gold. 2n = 16.

Rock outcrops. From Eurasia. [ALYSSUM SAXATILE Linnaeus]

Barbarea orthoceras Ledebour - American Yellow-rocket. 2n = 16.

Streambanks, swamps, wet rocks.

BARBAREA STRICTA Andrzejowski - Small-flowered Winter-cress. 2n = 16.

Roadsides, waste places, fields, usually in moist soil. From Eurasia. [B. VULGARIS W.T. Aiton - (in part) misapplied]

BARBAREA VERNA (Miller) Ascherson - Early Winter-cress. 2n = 16.

Roadsides, fields, waste places. From Eurasia.

BARBAREA VULGARIS W.T. Aiton - Common Winter-cress. 2n = 16.

Roadsides, fields, waste places, usually in moist soil. From Eurasia, northern Africa. [B. VULGARIS var. ARCUATA (Opiz ex C. Presl) Fries; B. VULGARIS var. BRACHYCARPA Rouy & Foucaud]

BERTEROA INCANA (Linnaeus) de Candolle - Hoary Alyssum. 2n = 16.

Dry fields, roadsides, waste places. From Eurasia.

BERTEROA MUTABILIS (Ventenat) de Candolle - . 2n = 16.

Roadsides, waste places. From Eurasia.

Boechera canadensis (Linnaeus) Al-Shehbaz - Sicklepod. 2n = 14.

Rocky wooded slopes, rich woods. [Arabis canadensis Linnaeus]

Boechera grahamii (Lehmann) Windham & Al-Shehbaz - Purple Rock-cress. 2n = 21.

Ledges. [Arabis brachycarpa (Torrey & A. Gray) Britton; Arabis divaricarpa A. Nelson - misapplied]

Boechera laevigata (Muhlenberg ex Willdenow) Al-Shehbaz - Smooth Rock-cress. 2n = 14.

Dry, rocky, wooded slopes, shaded ledges (chiefly calcareous), rich woods. [Arabis laevigata (Muhlenberg ex Willdenow) Poiret]

Boechera missouriensis (Greene) Al-Shehbaz - Green Rock-cress. 2n = ?

Dry ledges, rocky woods. [Arabis missouriensis Greene]

Boechera stricta (Graham) Al-Shehbaz - Drummond’s Rock-cress. 2n = 14.

Rocky slopes, ledges. [Arabis drummondii A. Gray]

BRASSICA JUNCEA (Linnaeus) Czernajew - Indian Mustard. 2n = 36.

Fields, waste places, roadsides. From Eurasia, Africa. [B. JUNCEA var. CRISPIFOLIA L. H. Bailey]

BRASSICA NAPUS Linnaeus - Turnip. 2n = 38.

Fields, waste places, roadsides. From Eurasia, Africa. [B. NAPOBRASSICA (Linnaeus) Miller]

BRASSICA NIGRA (Linnaeus) W. D. J. Koch - Black Mustard. 2n = 16.

Fields, waste places, roadsides. From Eurasia, Africa.

BRASSICA OLERACEA Linnaeus - Cabbage. 2n = 18.

Waste places. From Eurasia, Africa.

BRASSICA RAPA Linnaeus - Field Mustard. 2n = 20.

Fields, waste places, roadsides. From Eurasia, Africa.

Braya humilis (C. A. Meyer) B. L. Robinson subsp. humilis - Northern Rock-cress. 2n = 28, 42, 56, 70.

Calcareous cliffs and talus. [B. humilis var. leiocarpa (Trautvetter) Fernald; Neotorularia humilis (C. A. Meyer) Hedge & J. Léonard]

BUNIAS ORIENTALIS Linnaeus - Turkish Rocket. 2n = 14.

Roadsides, waste places. From Eurasia.

Cakile edentula (Bigelow) Hooker var. edentula - American Sea-rocket. 2n = 18.

Sandy sea beaches.

CAMELINA MICROCARPA de Candolle - . 2n = 40.

Fields, roadsides, railroads. From Eurasia, northern Africa.

CAMELINA SATIVA (Linnaeus) Crantz - Gold-of-pleasure. 2n = 40.

Fields, roadsides, waste places. From Eurasia.

CAPSELLA BURSA-PASTORIS (Linnaeus) Medikus - Shepherd’s-purse. 2n = 32.

Roadsides, fields, waste places. From Eurasia, northern Africa. [C. BURSA-PASTORIS var. BIFIDA Crépin; C. RUBELLA Reuter]

Cardamine bellidifolia Linnaeus - Alpine Cress. 2n = 16.

Alpine brooks, wet, mossy rocks at high altitudes.

Cardamine bulbosa (Schreber ex Muhlenberg) Britton, Sterns & Poggenburg - Spring Cress. 2n = 16, 56, 64, 80, 96, 112.

About springs, wet woods, meadows. [C. rhomboidea (Persoon) de Candolle]

Cardamine concatenata (Michaux) O. Schwarz - Pepper-root. 2n = 128-256.

Rich, moist woods, calcareous rocky banks. [Dentaria laciniata Muhlenberg ex Willdenow]

Cardamine dentata Schultes - . 2n = 64, ca. 80.

Margins of shallow water, often calcareous, swampy woods. [C. pratensis Linnaeus var. palustris Wimmer & Grabowski; see Marhold 1994, also Marhold (pers. comm.)]

Cardamine diphylla (Michaux) Alph. Wood - Crinkleroot. 2n = 96.

Rich, moist woods. [Dentaria diphylla Michaux]

Cardamine douglassii Britton - Purple Cress. 2n = 56, 64, 96, 112 144.

Rich, moist woods.

CARDAMINE FLEXUOSA Withering - Woodland Bitter-cress. 2n = 32.

Fields, roadsides, disturbed areas. From Eurasia.

CARDAMINE HIRSUTA Linnaeus - Hairy Bitter-cress. 2n = 16.

Roadsides, fields, waste places. From Eurasia.

CARDAMINE IMPATIENS Linnaeus - Narrow-leaved Bitter-cress. 2n = 16.

Shaded grasslands, roadsides, disturbed areas, open woodlands. From Eurasia.

Cardamine longii Fernald - . 2n = ?

Tidal estuaries, tidal marshes.

Cardamine maxima (Nuttall) Alph. Wood - Large Toothwort. 2n = 120, 124, 132, 138, 156, 161, ca. 208.

Rich woods, woodland streambanks. [C. anomala (Eames) K. Schumann; Dentaria anomala Eames; D. maxima Nuttall]

Cardamine parviflora Linnaeus - Sand Bitter-cress. 2n = 16.

Dry, rocky or sandy woods, ledges. [C. parviflora var. arenicola (Britton) O. E. Schulz]

Cardamine pensylvanica Muhlenberg ex Willdenow - Common Bitter-cress. 2n = 32, 64.

Springs, brooksides, pond shores, swamps. [C. pensylvanica var. brittoniana Farwell]

Cardamine pratensis Linnaeus - Cuckooflower. 2n = 16.

Meadows, moist grounds.

Cardamine hybrid

Cardamine concatenata (Michaux) O. Schwarz X C. maxima (Nuttall) Alph. Wood - .

[C. X incisa K. Schumann; Dentaria X incisifolia Eames ex Britton]

CHORISPORA TENELLA (Pallas) de Candolle - Purple Mustard. 2n = 14.

Roadsides, fields, waste places. From Eurasia, northern Africa.

CONRINGIA ORIENTALIS (Linnaeus) Dumortier - Hare’s-ear Mustard. 2n = 14.

Roadsides, fields, waste places. From Eurasia.

Descurainia incana ((Bernhardi ex Fischer & C. A. Meyer) Dorn - Mountain Tansy-mustard. 2n = 14, 28.

Calcareous gravels, roadsides. [D. richardsonii O. E. Schulz]

Descurainia pinnata (Walter) Britton subsp. brachycarpa (Richardson) Detling - Green Tansymustard. 2n = 14, 28.

Roadsides, dry, rocky or sandy soils.

DESCURAINIA SOPHIA (Linnaeus) Webb ex Prantl - Flixweed. 2n = 28.

Roadsides, waste places. From Eurasia.

DIPLOTAXIS MURALIS (Linnaeus) de Candolle - Indian-pipe. 2n = 42.

Waste places, roadsides. From Eurasia, Africa.

DIPLOTAXIS TENUIFOLIA (Linnaeus) de Candolle - Perennial Wall-rocket. 2n = 22.

Waste places, roadsides. From Eurasia, Africa.

Draba arabisans Michaux - Rock Whitlow-grass. 2n = 96.

Rock outcrops, usually calcareous or dolomitic.

Draba cana Rydberg - Ashy Whitlow-grass. 2n = 32.

Calcareous cliffs. [D. breweri S. Watson var. cana (Rydberg) Rollins; D. lanceolata Royle - misapplied]

Draba glabella Pursh - Smooth Whitlow-grass. 2n = 64, 80.

Rock outcrops, usually calcareous. [D. glabella var. orthocarpa (Fernald & Knowlton) Fernald]

Draba incana Linnaeus - Twisted Whitlow-grass. 2n = 32.

Rock outcrops, usually calcareous.

Draba reptans (Lamarck) Fernald - Carolina Whitlow-grass. 2n = 16, 30, 32.

Fields, ledges, dry sands.

DRABA VERNA Linnaeus - Common Whitlow-grass. 2n = 14, 16, 20, 24, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 52, 54, 58, 60, 64.

Roadsides, fields, waste places, open, dry places. From Eurasia, northwestern Africa. [D. VERNA var. BOERHAAVII (H. C. Hall) Dumortier]

ERUCA VESICARIA (Linnaeus) Cavanilles subsp. SATIVA (Miller) Thellung - Arugula. 2n = 22.

Waste places, roadsides, fields. From Europe, Africa. [ERUCA SATIVA Miller]

ERUCASTRUM GALLICUM (Willdenow) O. E. Shulz - Dog Mustard. 2n = 30.

Waste places, roadsides, railroads, fields. From Europe.

ERYSIMUM CHEIRANTHOIDES Linnaeus - Wormseed Mustard. 2n = 16.

Waste places, roadsides, railroads, fields. From Eurasia, northern Africa.

ERYSIMUM HIERACIFOLIUM Linnaeus - European Wallflower. 2n = 81.

Roadsides, waste places, fields. From Eurasia.

ERYSIMUM INCONSPICUUM (S. Watson) MacMillan - Small-flowered Prairie-rocket. 2n = 81.

Railroad embankments, roadsides, dry, open soil. From farther west.

ERYSIMUM MARSCHALLIANUM Andrzejowski ex M. Bieberstein - . 2n = 48.

Moist thickets. [E. DURUM J. Presl & C. Presl; Note: Dr. Ihsan Al-Shehbaz (pers. comm.) believes the Grand Isle Co., VT voucher to be E. VIRGATUM Roth]

ERYSIMUM ODORATUM Ehrhart - Pannonian Wallflower. 2n = 14, 32.

Wool waste. From Eurasia.

ERYSIMUM REPANDUM Linnaeus - Spreading Wallflower. 2n = 16.

Waste places, roadsides. From Eurasia, northern Africa.

EUCLIDIUM SYRIACUM (Linnaeus) W. T. Aiton - . 2n = 14.

Waste places, roadsides. From Eurasia.

HESPERIS MATRONALIS Linnaeus - Dame’s-rocket. 2n = 24.

Roadsides, waste places, thickets. From Eurasia, northern Africa.

IBERIS AMARA Linnaeus - Rocket Candytuft. 2n = 14.

Waste places, especially dumps. From western Europe.

IBERIS SEMPERVIRENS Linnaeus - Evergreen Candytuft. 2n = 22.

Fields, waste places. From Europe.

IBERIS UMBELLATA Linnaeus - Globe Candytuft. 2n = 14, 16, 18, 34.

Waste places. From Europe.

ISATIS TINCTORIA Linnaeus - Dyer’s Woad. 2n = 14, 28.

Roadsides, fields, waste places. From Eurasia, northern Africa.

LEPIDIUM CAMPESTRE (Linnaeus) W. T. Aiton - Cow-cress. 2n = 16.

Waste places, fields, roadsides. From Eurasia.

LEPIDIUM CORONOPUS (Linnaeus) Al-Shehbaz - Swine-cress. 2n = 32.

Waste places, fields, roadsides. From Eurasia, northern Africa. [CORONOPUS SQUAMATUS (Forsskål) Ascherson]

LEPIDIUM DENSIFLORUM Schrader - Prairie Peppergrass. 2n = 32.

Roadsides, waste places, railroads. From farther west or south.

LEPIDIUM DIDYMUM Linnaeus - Lesser Wort-cress. 2n = 32.

Waste places, roadsides, fields. Form South America. [CORONOPUS DIDYMUM (Linnaeus) Smith]

LEPIDIUM DRABA Linnaeus - Hoary Cress. 2n = 32, 64.

Roadsides, waste places, fields. From Eurasia. [CARDARIA DRABA (Linnaeus) Desvaux]

LEPIDIUM HETEROPHYLLUM Bentham - Smith’s Pepperwort. 2n = 48.

Roadsides, fields, waste places.

LEPIDIUM LATIFOLIUM Linnaeus - Dittander. 2n = 24.

Waste places, tidal shores. From Eurasia, northern Africa.

LEPIDIUM PERFOLIATUM Linnaeus - Clasping Pepperwort. 2n = 16.

Roadsides, railroads, fields, waste places. From Eurasia, northern Africa.

LEPIDIUM RUDERALE Linnaeus - Roadside Pepperwort. 2n = 16, 32.

Roadsides, waste places, railroads. From Eurasia.

LEPIDIUM SATIVUM Linnaeus - Garden Cress. 2n = 16, 32.

Roadsides, waste places. From Eurasia.

Lepidium virginicum Linnaeus subsp. virginicum - Wild Pepper-grass. 2n = 32.

Roadsides, waste places, dry, open soil.

LOBULARIA MARITIMA (Linnaeus) Desvaux - Sweet Alyssum. 2n = 24.

Waste places, roadsides. From Eurasia, Africa.

LUNARIA ANNUA Linnaeus - Honesty. 2n = 30.

Roadsides, waste places. From Europe.

MICROTHLASPI PERFOLIATUM (Linnaeus) F. K. Meyer - Perfoliate Penny-cress. 2n = 14, 28, 42.

Fields, waste places. From Eurasia, northern Africa. [THLASPI PERFOLIATUM Linnaeus]

NASTURTIUM MICROPHYLLUM Boenninghausen ex Reichenbach - . 2n = 64.

Brooks. From Europe. [N. OFFICINALE W. T. Aiton var. MICROPHYLLUM (Boenninghausen ex Reichenbach) Thellung; RORIPPA MICROPHYLLA (Boenninghausen ex Reichenbach) Hylander ex Á. Löve & D. Löve]

NASTURTIUM OFFICINALE W. T. Aiton - True Water-cress. 2n = 32.

Brooks, ditches, springheads. From Eurasia, northern Africa. [N. OFFICINALE var. SIIFOLIUM Reiche; RORIPPA NASTURTIUM-AQUATICUM (Linnaeus) Hayek]

Nasturtium hybrid

NASTURTIUM X STERILE (Airy Shaw) Oefelein - .

[N. MICROPHYLLUM Boenninghausen ex Reichenbach X N. OFFICINALE W. T. Aiton; RORIPPA X STERILIS Airy Shaw]

NESLIA PANICULATA (Linnaeus) Desvaux - Ball-mustard. 2n = 14.

Railroads, waste places, fields, roadsides. From Eurasia, northern Africa.

RAPHANUS RAPHANISTRUM Linnaeus - Wild Radish. 2n = 18.

Fields, waste places, roadsides, railroads. From Eurasia.

RAPHANUS SATIVUS Linnaeus - Garden Radish. 2n = 18.

Fields, roadsides, waste places. From Eurasia.

RAPISTRUM RUGOSUM (Linnaeus) Allioni - Bastard Cabbage. 2n = 16.

Waste places, roadsides. From Europe. [R. RUGOSUM var. VENOSUM (Persoon) de Candolle]

RORIPPA AMPHIBIA (Linnaeus) Besser - Great Yellow-cress. 2n = 16, 32.

Quiet water, shores, waste places. From Eurasia.

Rorippa aquatica (Eaton) E. J. Palmer & Steyermark - Lake-cress. 2n = 24.

Lakes, quiet streams. [Armoracia aquatica (Eaton) Wiegand; A. lacustris (A. Gray) Al-Shehbaz & V. M. Bates; Neobeckia aquatica (Eaton) Greene]

RORIPPA AUSTRIACA (Cranz) Besser - Austrian Yellow-cress. 2n = 24.

Low fields, muddy shores, ditches. From Europe.

RORIPPA GLOBOSA (Turczaninow ex Fischer & C. A. Meyer) Hayek - Wind Cauliflower. 2n = 16.

Waste places. From eastern Asia.

Rorippa palustris (Linnaeus) Besser subsp. palustris - Lake-cress. 2n = 24.

Shores, damp openings, ditches. [R. palustris subsp. fernaldiana (Butters & Abbe) Jonsell; R. islandica (Oeder ex Murray) Borbás var. fernaldiana Butters & Abbe; R. islandica var. islandica - misapplied]

Rorippa palustris (Linnaeus) Besser subsp. hispida (Desvaux) Jonsell - . 2n = 32.

Shores, damp openings, waste places. [R. islandica (Oeder ex Murray) Borbás var. hispida (Desvaux) Butters & Abbe; R. islandica var. islandica - misapplied]

RORIPPA SYLVESTRIS (Linnaeus) Besser - Creeping Yellow-cress. 2n = 32, 40, 48.

Wet roadsides, meadows, other wet places. From Eurasia.

Rorippa hybrid

RORIPPA X PROSTRATA (J. P. Bergeret) Schinz & Thellung - .

[R. AMPHIBIA (Linnaeus) Besser X R. SYLVESTRIS (Linnaeus) Besser]

SINAPIS ALBA Linnaeus - White Mustard. 2n = 24.

Roadsides, waste places, railroads. From Eurasia. [BRASSICA ALBA (Linnaeus) Rabenhorst; B. HIRTA Moench]

SINAPIS ARVENSIS Linnaeus - Charlock. 2n = 18.

Waste places, fields, roadsides. From Eurasia. [BRASSICA KABER (de Candolle) L. C. Wheeler; B. KABER var. PINNATIFIDA (Stokes) L. C. Wheeler; B. KABER var. SCHKUHRIANA (Reichenbach) L. C. Wheeler]

SISYMBRIUM ALTISSIMUM Linnaeus - Tumble-mustard. 2n = 14.

Waste places, fields, roadsides. From Eurasia, northwestern Africa.

SISYMBRIUM IRIO Linnaeus - London Rocket. 2n = 14.

Roadsides, railroads, waste places. From Eurasia, northern Africa.

SISYMBRIUM LOESELII Linnaeus - False London Rocket. 2n = 14.

Waste places, fields, roadsides. From Eurasia.

SISYMBRIUM OFFICINALE (Linnaeus) Scopoli - Hedge-mustard. 2n = 14.

Waste places, roadsides, fields. From Eurasia, northern Africa. [S. OFFICINALE var. LEIOCARPUM de Candolle]

SISYMBRIUM ORIENTALE Linnaeus - Indian Hedge-mustard. 2n = 14.

Waste places, roadsides. From Eurasia, northern Africa.

Subularia aquatica Linnaeus subsp. americana G. A. Mulligan & Calder - Awlwort. 2n = 30.

Submersed at sandy lake shores.

TEESDALIA NUDICAULIS (Linnaeus) W. T. Aiton - Shepherd’s Cress. 2n = 36.

Sandy fields, roadsides, waste places. From Eurasia.

THLASPI ARVENSE Linnaeus - Field Penny-cress. 2n = 14.

Roadsides, waste places, fields. From Eurasia.

TROPIDOCARPUM GRACILE Hooker - Dobie Pod. 2n = 16.

Wool waste. From farther west.

Turritis glabra Linnaeus - Tower-mustard. 2n = 12, 16, 32.

Rich, open woods, ledges, fields, railroads. [Arabis glabra (Linnaeus) Bernhardi]