Mollugo verticillata Linnaeus - Carpetweed. 2n = 64.

Waste places, roadsides, fields, sandy riverbanks.

MIRABILIS ALBIDA (Walter) Heimerl - . 2n = 58.

Dry, sandy waste places, roadsides. From farther west. [M. HIRSUTA (Pursh) MacMillan]

MIRABILIS JALAPA Linnaeus var. JALAPA - Marvel-of-Peru. 2n = 58.

Waste places, roadsides. From Mexico.

MIRABILIS LINEARIS (Pursh) Heimerl var. LINEARIS - . 2n = 40.

Dry, open soil, disturbed areas. From farther west.

MIRABILIS NYCTAGINEA (Michaux) MacMillan - Wild Four-o'-clock. 2n = 58.

Waste places, railroads, cracks in urban pavements. From farther west.

Phytolacca americana Linnaeus var. americana - Pokeweed. 2n = 36.

Clearings, waste places, roadsides, in moist soil.

Limonium carolinianum (Walter) Britton - Sea-Lavender. 2n = 36.

Salt marshes. [L. nashii Small]

BISTORTA OFFICINALIS Delarbre - European Bistort. 2n = 48.

Fields, meadows, thickets. From Eurasia. [POLYGONUM BISTORTA Linnaeus]

Bistorta vivipara Delarbre - Alpine Bistort. 2n = 96, 120.

Alpine areas. [Polygonum viviparum Linnaeus]

CHORIZANTHE PUNGENS Bentham var. PUNGENS - Monterey Spineflower. 2n = 40.

Wool waste. From California.

EMEX SPINOSA (Linnaeus) Campderá - Devil's-thorn. 2n = 20.

Disturbed areas. From Mediterranean region.

FAGOPYRUM ESCULENTUM Moench - Common Buckwheat. 2n = 16 (China).

Fields, roadsides, waste places. From China. [F. SAGITTATUM Gilibert]

FAGOPYRUM TATARICUM (Linnaeus) Gaertner - India-wheat. 2n = 16 (China).

Fields, roadsides, waste places. From China.

FALLOPIA BALDSCHUANICA (Regel) Holub - Chinese Fleece-vine. 2n = 20 (Korea).

Waste places. From central Asia. [POLYGONUM AUBERTII L. Henry]

Fallopia ciliinodis (Michaux) Holub - Fringed Bindweed. 2n = 22.

Dry, open woods, clearings, thickets. [Polygonum cilinode Michaux]

FALLOPIA CONVOLVULUS (Linnaeus) Á. Löve - Black Bindweed. 2n = 40.

Waste places. From Eurasia. [POLYGONUM CONVOLVULUS Linnaeus var. CONVOLVULUS; P. CONVOLVULUS var. SUBALATUM Lejeune & Courtois]

FALLOPIA DUMETORUM (Linnaeus) Holub - Copse Bindweed. 2n = 20.

Fields, waste places, woodland borders. From Eurasia. [POLYGONUM SCANDENS Linnaeus var. DUMETORUM (Linnaeus) Gleason]

FALLOPIA JAPONICA (Houttuyn) Ronse Decraene var. JAPONICA - Japanese Knotweed. 2n = 44, 66, 88 (Korea).

Roadsides, waste places, forest margins. From eastern Asia. [POLYGONUM CUSPIDATUM Siebold & Zuccarini]

FALLOPIA SACHALINENSIS (F. Schmidt) Ronse Decraene - Giant Knotweed. 2n = 44, 66, 102, 132 (Japan, Korea).

Roadsides, waste places. From eastern Asia. [POLYGONUM SACHALINENSE F. Schmidt]

Fallopia scandens (Linnaeus) Holub - Climbing False Buckwheat. 2n = 20.

Damp thickets, often along streams, low woods. [Polygonum cristatum Engelmann & A. Gray; P. scandens Linnaeus var. scandens; P. scandens var. cristatum (Engelmann & A. Gray) Gleason]

Fallopia hybrid

FALLOPIA X BOHEMICA (Chrtek & Chrtková) J. P. Bailey - . 2n = 44, 66, 88 (Korea).

[F. JAPONICA (Houttuyn) Ronse Decraene var. JAPONICA × F. SACHALINENSIS (F. Schmidt) Ronse Decraene]

Oxyria digyna (Linnaeus) Hill - Alpine Mountain-sorrel. 2n = 14.

Alpine areas.

Persicaria amphibia (Linnaeus) Gray - Water Smartweed. 2n = 66, 132.

Shores, shallow waters of streams and ponds. [Polygonum amphibium Linnaeus var. amphibium; P. amphibium var. emersum Michaux; P. amphibium var. stipulaceum N. Coleman; P. coccineum Muhlenberg ex Willdenow]

Persicaria arifolia (Linnaeus) Haraldson - Halberd-leaved Tearthumb. 2n = ?

Swamps, meadows, wet places. [Polygonum arifolium Linnaeus var. pubescens (R. Keller) Fernald]

Persicaria careyi (Olney) Greene - . 2n = ?

Roadsides, clearings, low thickets, swamps. [Polygonum careyi Olney]

PERSICARIA HYDROPIPER (Linnaeus) Spach - Common Smartweed. 2n = 20.

Moist or wet soils, especially in weedy places. From Europe. [POLYGONUM HYDROPIPER Linnaeus]

Persicaria hydropiperoides (Michaux) Small - Swamp Smartweed. 2n = ?

Shallow water, shores, marshes, swamps, swales. [Polygonum hydropiperoides Michaux; P. opelousanum Riddell ex Small var. opelousanum; P. opelousanum var. adenocalyx Stanford]

Persicaria lapathifolia (Linnaeus) Gray - Pale Smartweed. 2n = 22.

Swampy thickets, shores, damp clearings, ditches, fields, roadsides, waste places. [Polygonum lapathifolium Linnaeus var. lapathifolium; P. lapathifolium var. prostratum Wimmer; P. lapathifolium var. salicifolium Sibthorp; P. scabrum Moench]

PERSICARIA LONGISETA (Bruijn) Kitagawa - Creeping Smartweed. 2n = 40.

Moist roadsides, waste places, shores. From eastern Asia. [POLYGONUM CAESPITOSUM Blume var. LONGISETUM (Bruijn) Steward]

PERSICARIA MACULOSA Gray - Lady's-thumb. 2n = 44.

Roadsides, waste places, damp clearings, shores. From Eurasia. [POLYGONUM DUBIUM Stein ex A. Braun; P. PERSICARIA Linnaeus var. PERSICARIA; P. PERSICARIA var. RUDERALE (Salisbury) Meisner; P. PURITANORUM Fernald]

PERSICARIA MINOR (Hudson) Opiz - Small Water-pepper. 2n = 40.

Roadsides, ditches, damp, open places. From Europe. [POLYGONUM MINUS Hudson; P. MINUS var. SUBCONTINUUM (Meisner) Fernald]

PERSICARIA NEPALENSIS (Meisner) H. Gross - . 2n = 48.

From Asia. [POLYGONUM NEPALENSE Meisner]

PERSICARIA ORIENTALIS (Linnaeus) Spach - Kiss-me-over-the-garden-gate. 2n = 22.

Moist, waste places, roadsides, fields. From Asia. [POLYGONUM ORIENTALE Linnaeus]

Persicaria pensylvanica (Linnaeus) M. Gómez - Pinkweed. 2n = 88.

Shores, thickets, clearings, ditches, waste places, in moist soil. [Polygonum pensylvanicum Linnaeus var. pensylvanicum; P. pensylvanicum var. laevigatum Fernald; P. pensylvanicum var. nesophilum Fernald]

PERSICARIA PERFOLIATA (Linnaeus) H. Gross - Tearthumb. 2n = ?

Roadsides, waste places. From Asia. [POLYGONUM PERFOLIATUM (Linnaeus) Linnaeus]

Persicaria punctata (Elliott) Small - Dotted Smartweed. 2n = 44.

Wet, often sandy, soil, shores, marshes. [Polygonum punctatum Elliott var. punctatum; P. punctatum var. confertiflorum (Meisner) Small; P. punctatum var. leptostachyum Meisner; P. punctatum var. parvum Marie-Victorin & Rousseau]

Persicaria robustior (Small) E.P. Bicknell - . 2n = ?

Shores, swamps, often in water. [Polygonum robustius (Small) Fernald]

Persicaria sagittata (Linnaeus) H. Gross - Arrow-vine. 2n = 40.

Swamps, meadows, moist, low ground. [Polygonum sagittatum Linnaeus]

Persicaria setacea (Baldwin) Small - Swamp Smartweed. 2n = 20.

Shores, alluvial woods, swamps. [Polygonum setaceum Baldwin var. interjectum Fernald]

Persicaria virginiana (Linnaeus) Gaertner - Jumpseed. 2n = 44.

Shaded, rich soil. [Polygonum virginianum Linnaeus; Tovara virginiana (Linnaeus) Rafinesque]

PERSICARIA WALLICHII Greuter & Burder var. WALLICHII - Himalayan Knotweed. 2n = 22.

Moist, waste places. From Asia. [POLYGONUM POLYSTACHYUM Wallich ex Meisner]

Persicaria hybrid

Persicaria hydropiperoides (Michaux) Small X P. robustior (Small) E.P. Bicknell - .

Polygonella articulata (Linnaeus) Meisner - Northern Jointweed. 2n = 32.

Dry, sandy wastes, roadsides.

Polygonum achoreum S.F. Blake - Blue Knotweed. 2n = 40, 60.

Roadsides, waste places.

POLYGONUM ARENARIUM Waldstein & Kitaibel subsp. ARENARIUM - Lesser Red Knotgrass. 2n = 20.

Waste places. From Eurasia.

POLYGONUM ARGYROCOLEON Steudel ex Kunze - Persian Knotweed. 2n = 40.

Fields, waste places, often in saline soil. From Asia.

POLYGONUM AVICULARE Linnaeus subsp. AVICULARE - Common Knotweed. 2n = 40, 60.

Waste places, roadsides. From Eurasia. [P. AVICULARE var. VEGETUM Ledebour]

Polygonum aviculare Linnaeus subsp. buxiforme (Small) Costea & Tardif - American Knotweed. 2n = 60.

Seashores, salt marshes, roadsides, sidewalks. [P. aviculare var. littorale Chapman - misapplied; P. buxiforme Small]

POLYGONUM AVICULARE Linnaeus subsp. DEPRESSUM (Meisner) Arcangeli - Doorweed. 2n = 40, 60.

Roadsides, waste places, fields. From Europe. [P. AVICULARE var. ARENASTRUM (Boreau) Rouy; P. ARENASTRUM Boreau]

POLYGONUM AVICULARE Linnaeus subsp. NEGLECTUM (Besser) Arcangeli - . 2n = 40, 60.

Waste places. From Europe. [P. NEGLECTUM Besser]

POLYGONUM AVICULARE Linnaeus subsp. RURIVAGUM (Jordan ex Boreau) Berher - Cornfield Knotgrass. 2n = 60.

Roadsides, waste places. From Europe. [P. AVICULARE var. ANGUSTISSIMUM Meisner; P. RURIVAGUM Jordan ex Boreau]

POLYGONUM BELLARDII Allioni - . 2n = ?

Waste places. From Europe.

Polygonum douglasii Greene - . 2n = 40.

Dry soil on ledges.

Polygonum erectum Linnaeus - . 2n = ?

Dry, waste places.

Polygonum fowleri B.L. Robinson subsp. fowleri - . 2n = 40, 60.

Seashores. [P. allocarpum S.F. Blake]

Polygonum glaucum Nuttall - Seabeach Knotweed. 2n = 40.

Sea beaches, salty, pond shores, dune hollows.

Polygonum ramosissimum Michaux subsp. ramosissimum - Bushy Knotweed. 2n = 60.

Salt marshes, sea beaches, waste places, roadsides. [P. exsertum Small]

Polygonum ramosissimum Michaux subsp. prolificum (Small) Costea & Tardif - . 2n = 60.

Salt marshes, saline shores. [P. prolificum (Small) B. L. Robinson]

Polygonum tenue Greene - Pleat-leaved Knotweed. 2n = 20.

Dry, acid, open soil.

RHEUM RHABARBARUM Linnaeus - Garden Rhubarb. 2n = 44.

Roadsides, old house sites. From Eurasia. [RHEUM RHAPONTICUM Linnaeus - misapplied]

RUMEX ACETOSA Linnaeus - Garden Sorrel. 2n = 14 (pistillate), 15 (staminate).

Fields, roadsides, waste places, fallow ground. From Eurasia, northwestern Africa.

RUMEX ACETOSELLA Linnaeus - Sheep Sorrel. 2n = 14, 28, 42.

Roadsides, fields, waste places, meadows and cemeteries. From Eurasia. [R. ACETOSELLA var. PYRENAICEUS (Pourret ex Lapeyrouse) Timbal-Lagrave]

RUMEX ALPINUS Linnaeus - Monk's-rhubarb. 2n = 20.

Roadsides, waste places, fields, meadows. From Eurasia.

RUMEX ALTISSIMUS Alphonso Wood - Pale Dock. 2n = 20.

Waste places. From farther west.

Rumex brittanica Linnaeus - Water Dock. 2n = 20.

Swamps, ditches, wet meadows, shores. [R. orbiculatus A. Gray]

RUMEX CRISPUS Linnaeus - Yellow Dock. 2n = 60.

Waste places, fields. From Eurasia.

Rumex fueginus Philippi - American Golden Dock. 2n = 40.

Salt marshes, shores, waste places. [R. maritimus Linnaeus var. fueginus (Philippi) Dusén]

Rumex hastatulus Baldwin - Wild Sorrel. 2n = 8 (pistillate), 9 (staminate), 10 (both sexes).

Sandy soil, beaches, waste places.

RUMEX LONGIFOLIUS de Candolle - Northern Dock. 2n = 60.

Fields, meadows, roadsides, waste places. From Eurasia. [R. DOMESTICUS Hartman]

RUMEX MARITIMUS Linnaeus - Golden Dock. 2n = 40.

Ballast, waste places. From Europe.

RUMEX OBTUSIFOLIUS Linnaeus - Bitter Dock. 2n = 40.

Waste places, roadsides, fields, meadows. From Eurasia.

Rumex occidentalis S. Watson - . 2n = 120.

Swamps, shores, swales. [R. aquaticus Linnaeus subsp. fenestratus (Greene) Hultén; R. fenestratus Greene]

Rumex pallidus Bigelow - Seabeach Dock. 2n = 20.

Salt marshes, sea beaches, coastal dunes.

RUMEX PATIENTA Linnaeus - Patience Dock. 2n = 60.

Waste places, roadsides, fields. From Eurasia.

Rumex persicarioides Linnaeus - . 2n = 20.

Coastal marshes and shores. [R. maritimus Linnaeus var. persicarioides (Linnaeus) R. S. Mitchell)]

RUMEX PULCHER Linnaeus - Fiddle Dock. 2n = 20.

Waste places, roadsides. From Eurasia, north Africa.

RUMEX TRIANGULIVALVIS (Danser) Rechinger f. - White Willow Dock. 2n = 20.

Railroads, waste places, roadsides, fields. From farther north and west. [R. mexicanus Meisner - misapplied; R. salicifolius Weinman - misapplied]

Rumex verticillatus Linnaeus - Swamp Dock. 2n = 60.

Swamps, meadows, marshes.

RUMEX VIOLASCENS Rechinger f. - Violet Dock. 2n = 20.

Waste places. From farther west.

Rumex hybrids

RUMEX CRISPUS Linnaeus X R. LONGIFOLIUS de Candolle - .

RUMEX CRISPUS Linnaeus X R. OBTUSIFOLIUS Linnaeus - .

RUMEX X DISSIMILIS Rechinger f. - .

[R. LONGIFOLIUS de Candolle × R. OBTUSIFOLIUS Linnaeus]

CALANDRINIA CILIATA (Ruiz & Pavón) de Candolle - Red Maids. 2n = 24.

Fields. From farther west.

Claytonia caroliniana Michaux - Broad-leaved Spring-beauty. 2n = 16, 24, 25, 26, 27, 36, 38.

Rich woods.

CLAYTONIA PERFOLIATA Donn ex Willdenow subsp. PERFOLIATA - Miner's-lettuce. 2n = 24, 36, 48, 60.

Roadsides. From western North America. [MONTIA PERFOLIATA (Donn ex Willdenow) Howell]

Claytonia virginica Linnaeus - Eastern Spring-beauty. 2n = 12-190.

Rich, damp woods.

Montia fontana Linnaeus - Water Blinks. 2n = 20, 40.

Moist woods, springy slopes. [M. lamprosperma Chamisso]

MONTIA LINEARIS (Douglas ex Hooker) Greene - . 2n = 28.

Fields. From western North America.

PORTULACA GRANDIFLORA Hooker - Moss-rose. 2n = 18.

Dumps, waste places. From South America.

PORTULACA OLERACEA Linnaeus - Common Purslane. 2n = 18, 36, 54.

Waste places, fields. From Europe.